Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus that typically causes mild cold-like symptoms but can lead to severe illness in vulnerable populations, such as young children, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Recent reports indicate a surge in HMPV cases in parts of Asia, notably China and Malaysia.
Current Situation in China
In December 2024, China’s Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) reported a significant increase in respiratory infections attributed to HMPV. Between December 16 and 22, HMPV accounted for 6.2% of positive respiratory illness tests and 5.4% of hospitalizations due to respiratory illnesses, surpassing the rates for COVID-19, rhinovirus, and adenovirus during the same period. The rise is particularly notable among children aged 14 and under.
Despite these figures, Chinese health officials emphasize that the surge aligns with typical seasonal trends. They advise against undue concern, noting that winter months often see an uptick in respiratory infections. The CCDC has implemented a pilot monitoring system for pneumonia of unknown origin to enhance preparedness for emerging respiratory diseases.
Situation in Malaysia
Malaysia has also observed an increase in HMPV cases. In 2024, the country reported 327 cases, marking a 45% rise from the 225 cases documented in 2023. Health authorities are urging the public to remain vigilant, especially during the winter season when respiratory infections are more prevalent.
Global Perspective
While the recent uptick in HMPV cases in parts of Asia is notable, it’s important to recognize that HMPV is a common respiratory virus worldwide. Seasonal increases are typical, and the current numbers do not necessarily indicate an impending global health crisis. Health authorities in various countries continue to monitor the situation closely.
Preventive Measures
To reduce the risk of HMPV infection, consider the following precautions:
Hand Hygiene: Regularly wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
Avoid Close Contact: Steer clear of individuals exhibiting symptoms of respiratory illness.
Disinfect Surfaces: Clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces.
Stay Informed: Keep abreast of updates from health authorities regarding HMPV and other respiratory viruses.
If you experience symptoms such as cough, fever, nasal congestion, headache, or fatigue, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare professional, especially if you belong to a higher-risk group.
HMPV in India
The first cases of HMPV were confirmed in Bengaluru on 5th January 2025 after a three-month-old girl and an eight-month-old boy tested positive for the virus at the city’s Baptist Hospital.
In Short
- Karnataka health department confirms virus via private lab report
- Strain type unknown due to lack of data on virus spread in China
- HMPV affects children under 11, constitutes 0.7% of flu cases
An eight-month-old boy and a three-month-old girl were detected with HMPV in Bengaluru’s Baptist Hospital. The patients did not have any history of international travel. The central government clarified that HMPV cases are already in circulation globally, including in India.
The three-month-old, who was diagnosed with HMPV, had a history of bronchopneumonia. She has been since discharged. The eight-month-old tested positive for the virus on Sunday and also had a history of bronchopneumonia. The infant is recovering.